The basic observations and socio-logic

SIGNALS & THEIR MEANING /INTERPRETATION

trials test authentic and unauthentic abilities (performance as a signal)

The literature references of the proverb type:

Abbreviation: AP III

Freytag,Q.W. (ed.): Arabum proverbia III 1838-1843 Bonnae et Rhenum.. ARAB/LAT*

Proverb number(s): 2944. Additional number(s) and notes: (1569).

Abbreviation: APp

Karapetjan, G.O. (ed.): Armjanskie poslovitsy i pogovorki. 1973 Moskva: Nauka. ARMENIAN/RUS*,RUS

Proverb number(s): 321.

Abbreviation: Art

Arthaber, A.: Dizinario comparato di proverbi e modi proverbiali 1952 Milano: Hoepli.. ENG,FR,GER,GRE,LAT,SPA

Proverb number(s): 949.

Abbreviation: BNm

Ikonomov, N.I.: Balkanska narodna madrost 1968 Sofia: Balgarskata akademija na naukite.. BULG,ALB,GRE,RUM,RUS,SERB,TURK

Proverb number(s): 749, 750.

Abbreviation: Buc

Buchanan,D.C.: Japanese Proverbs and Sayings 1965 Norman: Oklahoma U.P.. JAP(transl.)/ENG*,ENG

Proverb on page: 80.

Metal is tested by fire, man by wine (Japanese)

Abbreviation: Bud I

Budaev,T.B.: Adekvatnye poslovitsy i pogovorki raznyh narodov, I 1962 Ulan-Ude: Burjatskoe kni noe izdatel'stvo.. diff.>RUS*

Proverb on page: 78.

Abbreviation: Cel93

Celakovský, F.L.: Murdosloví národu slovanského v príslovích. 2. edition. 1893 Praze: Nakladatelstvi Aloisa Hynka knihkupectví.. SLOVAK/RUS*...

Proverb on page: 237. Additional number(s) and notes: Part VI.

Abbreviation: Dal

Dalj,V.: Poslovitsy russkogo naroda 1862/1957 Moskva: M.O. Wolf. RUS,RUS*

Proverb on page: 151.

Abbreviation: DS I

Wander,K.F.W. (ed.): Deutsches Sprichwörter-Lexikon I 1867 -1880 Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus.. GER, varia EUROPEAN LANGUAGES

Proverb on page: 996. Proverb number(s) on page: 98.

Abbreviation: Kok

Kokare,Elza: Divu tautu dzives gudriba. (!) 1967 Riga: Zinãtne.. LETT, RUS

Proverb on page: 224.

Abbreviation: Mie

Mieder, Wolfgang: The Prentice-Hall encyclopedia of World Proverbs. A treasury of wit and wisdom through the ages. 1986 New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall.. glob>ENG*,ENG

Proverb number(s): 10836.

Abbreviation: Per

Permâkov, Grigorij Lvovic: Izbrannye poslovitsy i pogovorki narodov Vostoka. 1968 Moskva: Nauka.. varia EAST-EUR>RUS*

Proverb on page: 216.

Abbreviation: RP

Champion, Selwyn Gurney: Racial Proverbs. 2nd ed. 1950 London. glob>ENG*

Proverb on page: 362. Proverb number(s) on page: 485. Proverb on page: 229. Proverb number(s) on page: 59.

Gold is tested by fire, men by gold (Chinese) / Gold melts in the fire, man melts in sorrow (Livonian)

Abbreviation: Sca

Scarborough,W.: A Collection of Chinese Proverbs. 1875 Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press.. CHIN/ENG*

Proverb number(s): 1345.

Abbreviation: Schue

Schulze, C.: Die biblischen Sprichwörter der deutschen Sprache. 1860 Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht.. GER

Proverb number(s): 136.

Abbreviation: Sen

Senaltan, S.: Studien zur sprachlichen Gestalt der deutschen und turkischen Sprichwörter 1968 Marburg: Mauersberger.. GER,TURK/GER*

Proverb number(s): 107.

Feuer prüft das Gold, Unglück das Herz / Das Gold wird im Feuer, der Mensch im Unglück erkannt (translation Turkish)

Abbreviation: Ste

Stevenson, Burton: The home book of proverbs, maxims and familiar phrases. 1948 New York: Macmillan.. ENG,varia GLOG>ENG*

Proverb on page: 1196. Proverb number(s) on page: 2.

Abbreviation: TAd

Tülbentçi, Feridun Fazil (ed.): Türk Atasözleri ve Deyimleri 1963 Istambul: Inkiláp ve aka.. TURK

Proverb number(s): 1031.

Abbreviation: Til

Tilley, Morris Palmer: The Proverbs in England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. 1950 Ann Arbor (MI): University of Michigan Press.. ENG

Proverb on page: 671. Proverb number(s) on page: 337.

Time tries friends as fire tries gold

Abbreviation: Vid

Vide, S.-B.: Ordspråk, ordstäv och talesätt från sydvästra Småland. 1957 Lund: Gleerupska universitetsbokhandelns förlag.. SWE

Proverb number(s): 1802.